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Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum

(A.Gray) Carlquist & Bissing (1976)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Geraniales Family: Geraniaceae Genus: Geranium

hinahina, nohoanu

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Compact, erect, many-branched shrubs 3–10 dm tall.

Stems: Stems and branches reddish to black, covered with persistent stipules, densely leafy only toward apex.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblong–cuneate, (1.5–)2.5–5 cm long, (0.5–)0.7–1.2(–1.4) cm wide. Apex truncate to sometimes rounded. Upper surfaces green and glabrous to moderately strigose, occasionally more densely so in lines along the veins; lower surfaces densely grayish or silky strigose. Margins entire except apex 3–8-toothed. Usually (3–)4–6-veined. Petioles 0.3–2 cm long. Stipules subulate, ca. 5–6 mm long, strigillose.

Flowers: Flowers 7–30 in compound cymes, forming large corymbose inflorescences that project beyond the leaves. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic; pedicels 0.5–1.6(–2) cm long. Calyx of 5 sepals; sepals narrowly lanceolate, 5–9 mm long, densely silky strigose to sparsely villous or merely ciliate, apex mucronate. Petals white or cream, sometimes with purple veins and sometimes purple at base, narrowly obovate, 9–15 mm long. Stamens (5)10; filaments ± connate at base, those alternate with the petals longer than others and with basal glands, staminal filaments usually 9–12 mm long, glands pubescent; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior or nearly so, 5-celled, carpels connate around a central column to form a compound ovary with as many cells, fertile portion a lobed ring at base of stylar column, placentation axile; ovules 2 per cell, anatropous to campylotropous, usually pendulous; styles 3–5, 5–6 mm long at anthesis, elongating to 15–28 mm long in fruit, essentially beakless, sometimes narrowed below apex, branches filiform, reflexed; stigmas slender and dry, rarely capitate.

Fruit: Septicidal and elastically dehiscent capsules separating into as many segments as carpels; a portion of the style splitting off from remainder of stylar column and forming an awn that recurves upward from the persistent central column; usually remaining attached to apex; sometimes the awn also becomes spirally coiled; awn usually hygroscopic; carpel bodies ca. 2–4 mm long; sparsely to densely pubescent. Seeds 1 per cell; dark reddish brown; oblong–obovoid; ca. 1.7–1.9 mm long; the surface inconspicuously reticulate.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occasional to forming a dominant part of the vegetation in subalpine shrubland and forest; alpine shrubland; and as a pioneer in shrubland on lava in fog swept areas.

Elevation Range: 1,480–3,250 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Biotropica 8: 258 (1976)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:730 (H); Aedo 2023:580 (DESCR, KEY)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Upper Waikea Forest Reserve, South Hilo District In open `ohi`a scrub with other native shrubs on pahoehoe substrate. Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 801 Hawaii BISH 1981-06-23
2 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Kahuku Ranch, road to Nene Cabin crevices of open basalt gravel Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 26825 Hawaii BISH 1971-06-26
3 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Waiakea, 1 mi. from Forester Camp towards Kulani Prison aa lava flow, with Coprosma ernodeoides Preserved_Specimen Ozaki, E.T. 1177 Hawaii BISH 1954-12-19
4 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum N Hilo, Saddle Rd. marker 23 border of kipuka Preserved_Specimen Lammers, T.G. 5432 Hawaii BISH 1983-09-04
5 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Walk about 1 mile up Mauna Loa Summit Trail to altitude of 2135 meters. Plant was on west (left side) of trail at 7000 ft. elevation sign, about 0.5 miles past the fence with gate. (plot 16) Subalpine Metrosideros-shrub community on `a`a lava at altitude of 2135 meters. Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 228 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-29
6 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Puu Makaala Natural Area Reserve NEON MEPO5 mesic woodland on young a'a substrate on road edge. With Metrosideros polymorpha, Coprosma montana, Coprosma ernodeoides, Styphelia tameimeiae, Vaccinium reticulatum, Astelia menziesiana, Axonopus fissifolius, & Morelotia gahniiformis & Polypodium pellucidum var. vulcanicum. Preserved_Specimen Dean, A.C. 22024 Hawaii BISH 2024-04-16
7 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Waiakea, 1 mi. from forester camp roadside, `a`a lava flow; with Coprosma ernodeoides Preserved_Specimen Ozaki, E.T. 1177 Hawaii BISH 1954-12-19
8 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Kapapala Forest Reserve Open scrub Metrosideros forest with Coprosma, Myoporum, Styphelia, and Vaccinium. Not abundant, occasional along road. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 551 Hawaii BISH 1981-07-02
9 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum National Park, above Mauna Loa truck trail dry aa lava; with Metrosideros, Styphelia, Vaccinium, Railliardia, Dodonaea, Coprosma Preserved_Specimen Gillett, G.W. 1400 Hawaii BISH 1963-11-24
10 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Walk about 1 mile up Mauna Loa Summit Trail to altitude of 2135 meters. Plant was on west (left side) of trail at 7000 ft. elevation sign, about 0.5 miles past the fence with gate. (plot 16) Subalpine Metrosideros-shrub community on `a`a lava at altitude of 2135 meters. Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 226 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-29
11 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Kau, Kahuku Ranch with silversword Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 1124 Hawaii BISH 1976-07-24
12 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Above Kau Forest In alpine scrub. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Hawaii BISH 1985-04-15
13 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Kipuka Ahiu Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 898 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-21
14 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Mauna Loa, above Kapopola, Kau Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 435 Hawaii BISH 1911-07-01
15 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Mauna Loa, east slope of crater, Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 519 Hawaii BISH 1922-09-15
16 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Aina Hou Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 827 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-12
17 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Mauna Loa, end of truck road from Kilauea Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 3267 Hawaii BISH 1938-09-14
18 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Mauna Loa, above Kulani Preserved_Specimen Christ, J.H. 11 Hawaii BISH 1957-04-24
19 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Kau, above Waiohinu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 10009 Hawaii BISH 1912-01-01
20 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Mauna Loa, Ainapo trail, water tank area Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 259 Hawaii BISH 1942-12-25
21 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Preserved_Specimen Lane, I.E. 49563 Hawaii BISH 1949-12-28
22 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Hale Pohaku Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Hawaii BISH 1980-01-17
23 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Kipuka Waiokea Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 951 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-25
24 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Kaiulani Prison Rd. Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. Hawaii BISH 1954-12-01
25 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Mauna Kea Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH
26 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Hawaii or East Maui Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. BISH
27 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum above Kahuku Ranch, Kau with Metrosideros, Styphelia, Vaccinium, Deschampsia; aa flow Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 1740 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-27
28 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Keauhou Ranch - Kilauea Forest Reserve boundary, Kau District Open Metrosideros scrub, usually on `a`a lava. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 164 Hawaii BISH 1979-12-18
29 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Mauka of Kulani Prison foggy, scrubby `a`a lava flow Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27800 Hawaii BISH 1961-07-08
30 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Keauhou Ranch-Kilauea Forest Reserve boundary, Kau district Open Metrosideros scrub. Seen only occasionally, usually on `a`a lava. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 163 Hawaii BISH 1979-12-18
31 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum within the Mauna Kea silversword enclosure located near the Wailuku Gulch, North Hilo District The plants are found occasionally growing inter-twined with Styphelia shrubs. Habitat is a transition Sophora-Styphelia alpine scrub. Preserved_Specimen Clarke, G. 515 Hawaii BISH 1980-10-07
32 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Walk about 1 mile up Mauna Loa Summit Trail to altitude of 2135 meters. Plant was on west (left side) of trail at 7000 ft. elevation sign, about 0.5 miles past the fence with gate. (plot 16) Subalpine Metrosideros-shrub community on `a`a lava at altitude of 2135 meters. Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 229 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-29
33 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Kau, Keapohina, Kahuku-Puuoo trail jeep road Preserved_Specimen Meinecke, W.H. Hawaii BISH 1963-09-26
34 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum trail to summit from Mauna Loa Strip Rd. shallow soil pockets in old aa Preserved_Specimen Hoe, W.J. 676 Hawaii BISH 1966-06-24
35 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Upper Waikea Forest Reserve, South Hilo District In open `ohi`a scrub with other native shrubs on pahoehoe substrate. Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 802 Hawaii BISH 1981-06-23
36 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Humuula, Powerline near Puu Kipu with Metrosideros, Styphelia, Vaccinium, Dubautia, sedges, fern Preserved_Specimen Davis Jacobson, J. 1002 Hawaii BISH 1984-09-02
37 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum S Hilo, ~13.5 mi SE of Pohakuloa edge of ohia forest, on lava flow Preserved_Specimen Webster, G.L. 13965 Hawaii BISH 1968-06-28
38 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Kulani Rd; 8 miles above Prison camp Abundant in sparse scrub in scrubby woodland on lava flow. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 39310 Hawaii BISH 1958-01-05
39 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Kahuku Ranch, by road to Nene Cabin scrub forest Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 26826 Hawaii BISH 1971-06-26
40 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Kau, Kahuku Ranch, SW rift zone of Mauna Loa with Styphelia tameiameiae, Vaccinium reticulatum, Argyroxiphium kauense, Metrosideros polymorpha; on aa lava Preserved_Specimen Carlquist, S. 2107 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-02
41 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hypoleucum Waiakea, 1 mi. from Forester Camp towards Kulani Prison aa lava flow, with Coprosma ernodeoides Preserved_Specimen Ozaki, E.T. 1177 Hawaii BISH 1954-12-19
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